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Physics

Quantum Leaps

Jeremy Bernstein

There is, thoughtful students agree, no entirely satisfactory interpretation of quantum mechanics. Jeremy Bernstein examines John Bell’s discontent with the standard formulations of quantum mechanics.

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Physics

Time Travelers

Alasdair Richmond

Within Kurt Gödel’s rotating universes, it is possible to revisit the past. Alasdair Richmond examines the unusual implications of Gödel’s solution of the Einstein field equations.

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Biology

The Origins of Behavior

Ruichen Sun

It is very natural, Ruichen Sun observes, to suppose that animal behavior is under some form of algorithmic control. Simple rules often offer a compelling account of complex behavior.

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Mathematics

Big, Little, Nothing, Everything

Alexander Kharazishvili

No finite set is bigger than everything, and so every finite set is smaller than something. If one object is added to a small finite set, it gets bigger, but stays small. Could that be right?

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Biology

Spin in Quantum Biology

Ron Naaman & David Waldeck

A discussion of chiral induced spin selectivity and the importance of electron spin in biological systems: long-range electron transfer, reactions involving multiple electrons, and bio-recognition.

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Psychology

An Old Infirmity

William von Hippel

Can we learn to age well? Evolutionary psychologist William von Hippel looks at some worrying trends shaping current research and offers a note of caution for these approaches and interpretations.

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Philosophy

Gödel: The Third Degree

Graham Oppy

Formulations of Gödel’s ontological argument in third-order modal logic, Grapham Oppy argues, allow us to decide between theistic and naturalistic positions.

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Computer Science

+ French version

Cryptocurrencies and Blockchains

Jean-Paul Delahaye

What are cryptocurrencies and how do they work? Using bitcoin as a case study, Jean-Paul Delahaye surveys the current state of peer-to-peer cash systems and what their future may look like.

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Mathematics

Cantor’s Diagonalization Method

Alexander Kharazishvili

Mathematician Alexander Kharazishvili explores how powerful the celebrated diagonal method is for general and descriptive set theory, recursion theory, and Gödel’s incompleteness theorem.