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Archaeology

The Riddle of the Mountain

Edmund Richardson

For almost 2,000 years, the Behistun Inscription lay unread. Written in cuneiform, the inscription had “baffled for centuries the most learned men” until Henry Rawlinson set his mind to solving it.

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Biology + MORE

A Christmas Chrestomathy

The Editors

As the year draws to a close, we are delighted to present our second annual Christmas Chrestomathy, highlighting the essays that best represent our aims, ambitions, attitudes, and even our animadversions.

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Physics

Quanta of the Third Kind

Frank Wilczek

Theoretical insights and recent experimental results in anyon physics are leading physicists to revise and expand their ideas about what quantum-mechanical particles are and how they behave.

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Medicine

Outsmarting the Virus

John Hewitt

Variants in the SARS-CoV-2 virus control infectivity, severity, and immunity. Against this hydra, the best modes of defense are multipronged. John Hewitt takes stock of currently available therapies.

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Political Science

+ German version

States of War

Jochen Böhler

In the aftermath of the First World War, new nations sprang up in central and eastern Europe. If their creation marked the end of one conflict, it also marked the initiation of many others.

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Zoology

+ Japanese version

Primate Memory

Tetsuro Matsuzawa

Our closest living relatives in the animal world are fascinating creatures. The primatologist Tetsuro Matsuzawa recounts striking aspects of his work on primates, memory, and the evolution of the human mind.

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Physics

Muons and New Physics

Eduardo de Rafael

The muon was unexpected when observed in 1936. “Who ordered that?” Isidor Rabi asked. To this day, the muon still surprises physicists. It points to evidence for physics beyond the Standard Model.

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Logic

Löb’s Theorem and Curry’s Paradox

Graham Priest

If a sentence says of itself that it is true, or, in any case, provable, then there is a logical inconsistency when proving this statement. Martin Löb and Haskell Curry examined this question.

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Biology

Giant Viruses and the Tree of Life

Patrick Forterre

When the first giant virus was discovered, it was misidentified as a bacterium because it was much larger than any known virus at that time. Ever since, biologists puzzle over how to classify them.